The effects of heat treatment on fiber/matrix interface morphology of carbon fiber-reinforced carbon matrix composites ( C/C composites ) were examined. In addition to fiber/matrix interface morphology, the fiber efficiencies of C/C composites and the tensile strength were determined as a function of heat treatment temperature. The fiber efficiency and the tensile strength was found to decrease with increasing heat treatment temperature. The observations of fiber/matrix interface by using SEM suggested that the microcracks and the fine voids existed at fiber/matrix interface. Since the bonding strength of the fiber/matrix interface lowered by these defects, the tensile strength of C/C composites decreased.