Abstract
The objectives of this study were to develop and validate a human body finite element (FE) model, which can estimate effects of muscle tones on the whole body responses with the relatively low computational costs. A whole body occupant FE model of the Total HUman Model for Safety (THUMS) ver.3 was integrated with 262 skeletal muscles. Deformable material models were assigned to all body parts of THUMS model in order to evaluate human body kinematics during impact scenarios. Each muscle was modeled using Hill-type muscle models with 800 muscle-tendon compartments of 1D truss and seatbelt elements covered whole joints in the neck, thorax, lumber, and upper and lower extremities. Muscle architectural and kinetic properties were validated in terms of muscle moment arms and the maximum isometric joint torques over a wide range of joint angles.
