宇宙機環境試験の国内における最近のトピック

抄録

Spacecraft are exposed to severe environments unlike those on Earth, including mechanical stresses such as vibration, acoustics, and shock during launch. In orbit, the vacuum necessitates meticulous thermal management, and challenges like damage from atomic oxygen, ultraviolet radiation, and cosmic rays are significant. The recent surge in lunar and planetary exploration adds demands for spacecraft to endure landing vibrations, adapt to different atmospheric conditions, and handle thermal and dust environments on planetary surfaces. While analytical methods like simulations are increasingly applied, verification still heavily relies on testing with actual engineering and flight models. Japan's space development is at a new turning point amid intensified global competition. Enhanced domestic support and investment have enabled private companies and universities to undertake large-scale spacecraft R&D, accelerating progress at an unprecedented pace. However, this rapid growth raises concerns about shortages in testing facilities and personnel, potentially hindering R&D and diminishing Japan's competitiveness. This paper reviews the current state of spacecraft environmental testing and examines the challenges in the context of Japan's expanding space activities.