Rolling stock has generally been inspected and maintained on the basis of preventive maintenance. However, the reliability of sensors and information technology has drastically improved and, with this background, the objective of this research is to develop a temperature condition monitoring system for the bogies of Shinkansen cars. The conventional temperature measurement system for railway vehicle can only monitor the temperature of the axle boxes and wheels. On the other hand, the developed temperature monitoring system should be able to monitor the temperature of other parts of high-speed Shinkansen bogies such as gear boxes and couplings which are equipped in the central part of the bogie. This paper mainly describes the overview of the newly developed temperature monitoring system for Shinkansen bogies for further improvement of reliability of high-speed trains and efficiency of the inspection of railway vehicles. Also, the characteristics of some main components of this monitoring system are presented in this paper. Especially, it is confirmed that the novel thermometer developed for this system has high response performance enough to high-speed railway measurement. Next, the prototype of the developed temperature monitoring system is installed on the real track of the Tokaido Shinkansen for a long term to examine the reliability of the device prior to practical use. Additionally, the algorithms for the field data analysis obtained from this monitoring system are developed based on the statistical representative values and multivariate analysis. Through the data analysis, it is verified that the scheme can be applied successfully for the reduction of normal data variations.