Simulation technology consists of three pillars: computational mechanics as a science, industrial technologies as applications, and computer hardware and software, which tie-up between science and its applications. The authors believe that computer mechanics, which only provides physical insights into the true nature of objects, should be the central pillar of simulation technology. On the other hand, the FEM software benders have made steady progress in technological innovations to make modern FEM packages suitable for powerful design tools, which significantly improve both the standard of engineering designs and the methodology of the design process in many industrial applications.
