2017 年 33 巻 4 号 p. 542-545
Articles in 2015 on treatments for autonomic nervous system disorders were reviewed.
1. Orthostatic hypotension (OH) : Droxidopa had an improvement in some clinical symptoms due to OH in patients with Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, pure autonomic failure and nondiabetic autonomic neuropathy.
2. Constipation : Polyethylene glycol and lubiprostone were effective for the constipation due to slow colonic transit in PD. Management of constipation secondary to defecatory dysfunction due to pelvic floor dyssynergia could be done by levodopa or apomorphine injections, botulinum toxin type A injection into the puborectalis muscle.
3. Postural tachycardia syndrome : Inspiratory resistance through an impedance threshold device improved heart rate control in patients with postural tachycardia syndrome during upright posture.
4. Vasovagal syncope : Non–pharmacologic treatments including physical counterpressure maneuver and tilt–training and pharmacologic treatments with beta–blocker, fludrocortisone, midodrine and serotonin transporter inhibitors were effective in patients with vasovagal syncope.
5. Urinary disturbance : β3–adrenoceptor agonist mirabegron improved the symptoms of overactive bladder (OAB). Antimuscarinics such as solfenacin, imidafenacin, fesoterodine or oxybutynin patch, provided an improvement of OAB. Treatment with solifenacin plus tamsulosin improved the storage and voiding symptoms. Combination treatment with mirabegron and solifenacin improved OAB symptoms. Accupuncture was safe with significant improvements of overactive bladder symptoms. BoNT/A and A/Ona showed benefits in treatment of refractory OAB. Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation and sacral nerve stimulation showed effectiveness for treatment of OAB.
6. Hyperhidrosis : Oxybutynin for treating plantar hyperhidrosis and topical glycopyrrolate for treatment of facial hyperhidrosis were effective. A combination of BoNT/A, B and anticholinergics improved compensatory hyperhidrosis after sympathectomy. Video–assisted thoracic sympathicotomy for the treatment of palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis showed the long–term effectiveness. Sympathotomy by clamping at T3 was less effective in reducing the primary symptom of postoperative palmar sweating, but induced less compensatory sweating than did sympathotomy by cutting at T3. Tumescent suction curettage was an effective and safe treatment for axillary hyperhidrosis.
