The Functional Difference of Demonstrative Pronouns in Situational and Memory-Based References

Abstract

This paper examines the disparity in the use of demonstrative pronouns in situational or memory references between Chinese and Japanese. The study reveals that among six structural contexts, demonstrative pronouns are deemed essential in Chinese, serving the purpose of specification and indicating specific attributes. In contrast, their usage in Japanese is not mandatory. In Chinese, each item necessitates specific identification to attribute a particular meaning to the entire event, thus requiring the use of demonstrative pronouns for individual specification. Conversely, in Japanese, as long as a specific context exists, each item carries a specific meaning without the need for demonstrative pronouns for specification.