Some Consideration on the Reforms of BUNKYOU

Abstract

The Reforms BUNKYOU were implemented by the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1862, the political climate since the opening of the country in 1854 meant a transition to an emergency regime. The reforms were not initiated by the Shogunate. Much con‐sideration has already been given to the three major reforms. However, studies fiscal perspective have been neglected. The purpose of this paper is to analysis and discuss the Reforms of BUNKYOU from a fiscal perspective, taking into account previous studies. Key words: Reforms BUNKYOU, Tokugawa Shogunate, three major reforms