Dental Implants : Fundamental Knowledge of Jawbone Morphology

Abstract

Purpose : When dental implants are placed, it is common to go blindly into the deeper parts of the maxillofacial area. It is therefore essential to have a detailed grasp of the basic morphology of the jawbone and its surrounding tissues, as well as structural changes when teeth are lost. This paper explains the anatomical structures of the maxilla and mandible, which are essential for implant therapy.

Materials and Methods : Dentulous and edentulous jawbone specimens for practical training and autopsy cadavers in the possession of the Department of Anatomy of Tokyo Dental College were used. Sites relating to implant therapy were exposed, the external form and inner structure were classified, and basic data were obtained. These data were also examined together with data from research carried out to date at the Department of Anatomy and related data published in Japan and elsewhere, and a commentary was given.

Results : Structures such as the maxillary sinus and the mandibular canal, which are included in the jawbone, are anatomical structures with particular importance for dental implant therapy. Their 3-dimensional positional relationship should be estimated through the use of X-ray imaging or other methods prior to therapy. Furthermore, it is necessary to gain an understanding of the area through which the vascular channels and nerves that are distributed around the jawbone run, and to bear in mind when carrying out therapy that this is a high-risk area.

Conclusion : It is essential to have a good 3-dimensional understanding of the positional traits and variations of dentulous and edentulous jaws when carrying out implant therapy in order to ensure that no unexpected situations occur.