Abstract
Maxillofacial fractures arise from diverse etiologies and are frequently encountered in clinical practice. This retrospective study reviewed 631 patients treated for maxillofacial fractures at our institution over 15 years, divided into three 5-year periods for comparison. The cohort comprised 453 males and 178 females （ratio 5：2）, with ages ranging from 4 to 98 years （mean 51.0）. Referrals included 476 in-hospital cases （400 from the emergency department）, 141 from external facilities, and 14 walk-ins. Major injury causes were ground-level falls （n＝277）, traffic accidents （n＝141）, falls from height （n＝84）, sports injuries （n＝58）, assaults （n＝36）, and occupational injuries （n＝25）. Fracture sites were midfacial （n＝348）, mandibular （n＝226）, and combined fractures （n＝57）. Treatments consisted of open reduction and internal fixation （n＝175）, closed reduction （n＝43）, and conservative management （n＝413）. Over time, there was an increasing trend in patient age, fall-related injuries, emergency department referrals, and midfacial fractures, likely reflecting population aging and improved emergency care systems. Conversely, traffic-related injuries and the need for open reduction decreased, potentially due to enhanced traffic safety and advances in imaging.
