Cardiovascular Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease

Abstract

Short- and long-term results of surgical treatment for congenital heart disease have further improved during the past 2 decades. This is associated with advance in preoperative diagnosis, surgical techniques, cardiopulmonary bypass machine, and perioperative management. In this review, representative surgical methods and related pitfalls are described to young pediatric cardiologists from the view point of a cardiac surgeon.