2002 年 78 巻 6 号 p. 508-520
Recent progress in electron Bernstein wave physics for electron cyclotron heating and electron cyclotron emission measurement in over-dense toroidal plasmas such as spherical tokamaks are reviewed. First, the theoretical bases of mode-conversion processes including X-B and O-X-B processes are described and discussed. Second, basic characteristics of electron Bernstein waves are described, and their propagation and absorption characteristics in toroidal plasmas including N// up-shift are described and discussed. Finally, recent experimental studies and efforts are reviewed.