Standard and integrative therapy for ocular tumors

Abstract

Orbital rhabdomyosarcoma and retinoblastoma are representative tumors in ocular oncology. Rhabdomyosarcoma within the orbit is classified as stage 1, which has a favorable prognosis. Most cases are diagnosed by incisional biopsy, and systemic chemotherapy with radiotherapy is the standard treatment strategy instead of wide resection. The eyeball is preserved and practical visual acuity is expected in most cases. Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular tumor in childhood. Eyes with small tumors are treated with local therapies such as laser therapy, cryotherapy, or plaque radiotherapy. Eye cancers in the advanced stage are treated with initial systemic chemotherapy, followed by selective ophthalmic arterial injection and local therapies. Eyes with refractory tumors or complications are removed. If histopathological risk factors are detected, such as optic nerve invasion or choroidal invasion, adjuvant chemotherapy will be necessary. Retinoblastoma is derived from the RB1 mutation, and other actionable mutations are rarely detected, so the merit of genetic panel testing is very limited.