Abstract
Due to shortage of fossil fuel and response to global warming, biofuel production from plant materials has become one of the most pressing challenges of our times. At present biofuel is produced from cereals and sugar. But these are competitive with food and international cereal price increased dramatically. To dissolve these problems biofuel production from agricultural residues has been paid attention.
Plant cell walls are the most abundant and renewable organic compounds on Earth. Cell walls have been used for wood, pulp, fiber, and industrial materials. Plant cell walls consist of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. In grasses a major hemicellulose is arabinoxylan, which cross-links cellulose and lignin to make up of tough structure. Due to its strong structure, it is hard to hydrolyze them with cellulase. Therefore, pretreatments using acid or alkali are required. But these treatments are costly and environmental loaded. Production of genetically modified crop is one of the challenging issues. We will introduce structure, biosynthesis, and genetic modification of arabinoxylan.
