Abstract
The purposes of this study are: 1) to develop teaching and learning strategies to improve the elementary school third graders' incomplete scientific recognition of "Parallel Shadows of Objects Blocking Direct Rays of the Sun"; 2) to examine whether or not the teaching and learning strategies are effective in improving the elementary school third graders' understanding; and 3) to consider more effective teaching and learning strategies, referring to the findings derived from 1) and 2). The main findings of this study were as follows: 1) before and after the lessons utilizing the strategies, the rate of the children who answered correctly increased about knowledge and ideas of 7 out of 10 items of the questionnaire that identify the effectiveness of these strategies, and the rate of the children who answered all items correctly increased; and 2) it was confirmed that the teaching and learning strategies are effective.
