Activities in Hikikomori Support Centers and Dual Meanings: Utilizing the Concept of Framework

Abstract

Approximately 1.2 million hikikomori exist in Japan. Support for hikikomori is divided into such categories as ibasho (comfortable place) activities and employment support. This study aims to examine the perceptions of people who have experienced hikikomori and those who provide support and identify the ambiguity of activities in hikikomori support centers. Moreover, this study conducts an analysis using Goffman’s framework concept, which addresses the definition of the situation. The interviews revealed that the community cafe activity at a hikikomori support center, which seemed to support employment, was regarded as an ibasho activity. Therefore, the community cafe activity has the dual meaning of both an ibasho and an employment support activity. This paper also highlights that dual meanings are not considered under the current political system. However, according to the survey, dual meaning has made running a cafe difficult because hikikomori support policies are vertically segmented. This study also reveals that there is a need for flexible discussion on how to provide hikikomori support, regardless of the category.