Effects of Salt Treatments on the Germination and the Growth of Egyptian Wheat Varieties

抄録

In the present study, attempts were made to analyze the response of the germination percentage and growth of Egyptian wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L. var. Bany-swif 1, Bany-swif 5, Sakha 93, Sids 1, Sohag 3, Giza 168) and Norin 61 to saline conditions. Germination percentages were every day up to 10 days. treatments were, temperature treatment: 5, 10, 20, 25and 30℃ under 24h darkness, salinity treatment: 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mM of NaCl,KCl or Na₂SO₄ at 25℃, and osmotic stress treatment: 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400mM of PEG. As a result, the germination percentages of wheat exceeded 90% at 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 ℃ but low at 5 ℃. Sakha 93, Sids 1 and Giza 168 showed higher germination percentages under 400 mM NaCl and KCl, while Sakha 93, Sids 1, Giza 168 and Norin 61 showed higher germination percentages under 400 mM Na₂SO₄. No seeds could germinate under 300 and 400 mM PEG. It was estimated that SO₄^2- and Na⁺ increased germination percentage, while K⁺ or Cl^- inhibited it. Wheat was cultivated with salt treatment solutions (0, 51.3, 12.6 and 170.9 mM NaCl). The Egyptian varieties showed higher plant lengths than the Japanese one, Norin 61, at harvest time. Panicle weights tended to be higher under the 51.3mM NaCl treatment in the Egyptian varieties. As a result, it was estimated that those varieties had salt tolerance mechanisms and Na⁺ or Cl^- under low salinity conditions might be a positive influence on their growth.