Annals of Tourism & Hospitality Education
Online ISSN : 2433-2828
Print ISSN : 1880-3059
High-Context Service Architecture and Service Learning through Learning Theories
From the Acquisition of Tacit Knowledge to Situated Learning
Noriko Fukushima
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2009 Volume 4 Pages 18-34

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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to clarify high-context service architecture combined with a knowledge of modularity in economics and to propose how such service can be acquired through an effective learning theory. The author introduces a new concept in her research referred to as 'considerate behavior' (CB) which is defined as the way people receive satisfaction on a voluntary basis without incentives but with the knowledge that this behavior may require some effort and/or costs. With the knowledge of modularity, the author proposes that high-context service is an integral architecture consisting of three types of modules, the aforementioned considerate behavior, service with considerate behaviors (S/CB), and service with generalized models (S/GM). In order for service providers to acquire high-context service, they must know that each module must have its own learning method related to a study of learning theory. Specifically, CB, which is deeply related to Mauss' 'Techniques of the Body' can be acquired through Ikuta's 'Waza Gengo' (language for instructing skills and art), and S/CB may be acquired via imitation learning, while S/GM can be mastered through manual learning. On the other hand, service providers' organizing skills with their ability to link the interfaces of considerate behaviors to service, is essential in providing high-context service. The author further proposes a method on how these interfaces can be coordinated based on a situated learning approach.
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© 2009 The Japanese Society of Tourism and Hospitality Educators
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