Methodological Aspects of QTc Interval Determination in Beagle Dogs

Yoshikata NAKADA; Hideo MIYAZAWA; Jun SUZUKI; Takashi KIKAWA; Keiji SAMURA; Hiroyoshi MATSUMOTO; Toshimi USUI; Shigeru SUGANO

doi:10.11276/jsvc1984.25.1

Yoshikata NAKADA, Hideo MIYAZAWA, Jun SUZUKI, Takashi KIKAWA, Keiji SAMURA, Hiroyoshi MATSUMOTO, Toshimi USUI, Shigeru SUGANO

Author information

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1992 Volume 25 Issue 1-2 Pages 1-8

DOI https://doi.org/10.11276/jsvc1984.25.1

Details

Published: 1992 Received: - Available on J-STAGE: September 17, 2009 Accepted: October 20, 1992 Advance online publication: - Revised: -
Correction information
Date of correction: September 17, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: [in Japanese]

Date of correction: September 17, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : 1) ZIPES, D.P. (1991): The long QT interval syndrome, A Rosetta Stone for sympathetic elated ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Circulation, 84, 1414-1419.
2) ALGRA, A., TIJSSEN, J.G.P., ROELANDT, J.R.T.C., POOL, J. and LUBSEN, J. (1991): QTc prolongation measured by standard 12-lead electrocardiography is an independent risk factor for sudden death due to cardiac arrest. Circulation, 83, 1888-1893.
3) TILLEY, L.P. (1985): QT interval. Essentials of canine and feline electrocardiography, 2nd ed., pp. 47, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.
4) BOLTON, G.R. (1975): The QT interval. In handbook of Canine Electrocardiography, pp. 60, W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia.
5) YOSIKAWA, H., TANABE, K., FURUYA, H., IDE, M. and GOTO, Y. (1988): Sindenzu RR, PQ, QRS, QT kankaku no nitinai hendou to karei no eikyou, Holter hou niyoru kentou. Jpn. J. Electrocardiology, 8, 659-667.
6) ABILDSKOV, J.A. (1976): Adrenergic effects on the QT interval of the electrocardiogram. Am. Heart J., 92, 210-216.
7) SCHLAMOWITZ, I. (1946): An analysis of the time relationships within the cardiac cycle in electrocardiograms of normal men. The duration of the QT interval and its relationship to the cycle length (RR interval). Am. Heart J., 31, 329-342.
8) AHNVE, S., SWEDEN, S. and CALIF, S.D (1985): Correction of the QT interval for heart rate: review of different formulas and the use of Bazett's formula in myocardial infarction. Am. Heart J., 109, 568-574.
9) LECOCQ, B., LECOCQ, V. and JAILLON, P. (1989): Physiologic relation between cardiac cycle and QT duration in healthy volunteers. Am. J. Cardiol., 64, 481-486.
10) BAZETT, H.C. (1920): An analysis of the time-relations of electrocardiograms, Heart. 7, 353-370.
11) TARAN, L.M. and SZILAGYI, N. (1947): The duration of the electrical systole (Q-T) in acute rheumatic carditis in children. Am. Heart J., 33, 14-26.
12) AHNVE, S. (1991): Is QT interval prolongation a strong or weak predictor for cardiac death? Circulation, 84, 1862-1865.
13) DAVIDOWSKI, T.A. and WOLF, S. (1984) The QT interval during reflex cardiovascular adaptation. Circulation, 69, 22-25.
14) BECKMAN, K.J., PARKER, R.B., HARIMAN, R.J., GALLASTEGUI, J.L., JAVAID, J.I. and BAUMAN, J.L. (1991): Hemodynamic and electrophysiological actions of cocaine. Effects of sodium bicarbonate as an antidote in dogs.Circulation, 83, 1799-1807.
15) WALKER, M. J., TUNA, I. C., GORNICK, C. C., GOLDENBERG, I. F., ALMQUIST, A., MILSTEIN, S. and BENDITT, D, G. (1989) : Cardiac electrophysiologic effects of orally administered DPI 201-106 in conscious canines : effects of pharmacologic autonomic blockade or cardiac transplantation, J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 14, 381-388.
16) GOMOLL, A. W., LEKICH, R. F., BARTEK, M. J., COMERESKI, C. R. and ANTONACCIO, M. J. (1990) : Comparability of the electrophysiologic responses and plasma and myocardial tissue concentrations of sotalol and its a stereoisomer in the dog. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol, 16, 203-211.
17) ISHI, S. (1975) : Seibutu toukei gaku nyumon. pp. 157-212, Baihukan, Tokyo.
18) SARRMA, J.S.M., VENKATARAMAN, K., SAMANT, D. R. and GADGIL, U. G. (1988) : Effect of propranolol on the QT intervals of normal individuals during exercise : a new method for studying interventions. Br. Heart J. 60, 434-439.
19) ODA, E., AIZAWA, Y., ARAI, Y. and SIBATA, A. (1985) : Diurnal rhythm of the QT interval in patients with VVI pacemaker. Sindenzu, 5, 649-654.
20) YAMADA, A., FUJINAMI, T. and NAKANO, S. (1991) : Sindenzu no yomikata (IV)-QT prologation(I). Sougou Rinshyou, 40, 2019-2028.
21) YAMADA, A., HAYANO, J., HORIE, K., MU-KAI, S. and FUJINAMI' T. (1990) : Hysteresis in the RR-QT relationship during passive head up tilt and tilt back, Circulation, 82, III-753.
22) YOSIKAWA, N., KOMATSU, T. and MORIDERA, K. (1987) : Autonomic function test by R-R interval measurement. The Autonomic Nervous System, 24, 21-27.
23) HAYANO, J. (1988) : Quantitative assessment of autonomic function by autoregressive spectral analysis of heart rate variability. Effect of posture, respiratory frequency and age. The Autonomic Nervous System, 25, 334-344.
25) BOLTON, G. R. (1975) : Criteria for the normal canine electrocardiogram. In handbook of Canine Electrocardiography, pp. 40, W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia.

Right : 1) ZIPES, D.P. (1991): The long QT interval syndrome, A Rosetta Stone for sympathetic related ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Circulation, 84, 1414-1419.
2) ALGRA, A., TIJSSEN, J.G.P., ROELANDT, J.R.T.C., POOL, J. and LUBSEN, J. (1991): QTc prolongation measured by standard 12-lead electrocardiography is an independent risk factor for sudden death due to cardiac arrest. Circulation, 83, 1888-1893.
3) TILLEY, L.P. (1985): QT interval. Essentials of canine and feline electrocardiography, 2nd ed., pp. 47, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.
4) BOLTON, G.R. (1975): The QT interval. In handbook of Canine Electrocardiography, pp. 60, W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia.
5) YOSIKAWA, H., TANABE, K., FURUYA, H., IDE, M. and GOTO, Y. (1988): Sindenzu RR, PQ, QRS, QT kankaku no nitinai hendou to karei no eikyou, Holter hou niyoru kentou. Jpn. J. Electrocardiology, 8, 659-667.
6) ABILDSKOV, J.A. (1976): Adrenergic effects on the QT interval of the electrocardiogram. Am. Heart J., 92, 210-216.
7) SCHLAMOWITZ, I. (1946): An analysis of the time relationships within the cardiac cycle in electrocardiograms of normal men. The duration of the QT interval and its relationship to the cycle length (RR interval). Am. Heart J., 31, 329-342.
8) AHNVE, S., SWEDEN, S. and CALIF, S.D (1985): Correction of the QT interval for heart rate: review of different formulas and the use of Bazett's formula in myocardial infarction. Am. Heart J., 109, 568-574.
9) LECOCQ, B., LECOCQ, V. and JAILLON, P. (1989): Physiologic relation between cardiac cycle and QT duration in healthy volunteers. Am. J. Cardiol., 64, 481-486.
10) BAZETT, H.C. (1920): An analysis of the time-relations of electrocardiograms, Heart. 7, 353-370.
11) TARAN, L.M. and SZILAGYI, N. (1947): The duration of the electrical systole (Q-T) in acute rheumatic carditis in children. Am. Heart J., 33, 14-26.
12) AHNVE, S. (1991): Is QT interval prolongation a strong or weak predictor for cardiac death? Circulation, 84, 1862-1865.
13) DAVIDOWSKI, T.A. and WOLF, S. (1984) The QT interval during reflex cardiovascular adaptation. Circulation, 69, 22-25.
14) BECKMAN, K.J., PARKER, R.B., HARIMAN, R.J., GALLASTEGUI, J.L., JAVAID, J.I. and BAUMAN, J.L. (1991): Hemodynamic and electrophysiological actions of cocaine. Effects of sodium bicarbonate as an antidote in dogs.Circulation, 83, 1799-1807.
15) WALKER, M. J., TUNA, I. C., GORNICK, C. C., GOLDENBERG, I. F., ALMQUIST, A., MILSTEIN, S. and BENDITT, D, G. (1989) : Cardiac electrophysiologic effects of orally administered DPI 201-106 in conscious canines : effects of pharmacologic autonomic blockade or cardiac transplantation, J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 14, 381-388.
16) GOMOLL, A. W., LEKICH, R. F., BARTEK, M. J., COMERESKI, C. R. and ANTONACCIO, M. J. (1990) : Comparability of the electrophysiologic responses and plasma and myocardial tissue concentrations of sotalol and its α stereoisomer in the dog. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol, 16, 203-211.
17) ISHI, S. (1975) : Seibutu toukei gaku nyumon. pp. 157-212, Baihukan, Tokyo.
18) SARRMA, J.S.M., VENKATARAMAN, K., SAMANT, D. R. and GADGIL, U. G. (1988) : Effect of propranolol on the QT intervals of normal individuals during exercise : a new method for studying interventions. Br. Heart J. 60, 434-439.
19) ODA, E., AIZAWA, Y., ARAI, Y. and SIBATA, A. (1985) : Diurnal rhythm of the QT interval in patients with VVI pacemaker. Sindenzu, 5, 649-654.
20) YAMADA, A., FUJINAMI, T. and NAKANO, S. (1991) : Sindenzu no yomikata (IV)-QT prologation(I). Sougou Rinshyou, 40, 2019-2028.
21) YAMADA, A., HAYANO, J., HORIE, K., MU-KAI, S. and FUJINAMI' T. (1990) : Hysteresis in the RR-QT relationship during passive head up tilt and tilt back, Circulation, 82, III-753.
22) YOSIKAWA, N., KOMATSU, T. and MORIDERA, K. (1987) : Autonomic function test by R-R interval measurement. The Autonomic Nervous System, 24, 21-27.
23) HAYANO, J. (1988) : Quantitative assessment of autonomic function by autoregressive spectral analysis of heart rate variability. Effect of posture, respiratory frequency and age. The Autonomic Nervous System, 25, 334-344.
25) BOLTON, G. R. (1975) : Criteria for the normal canine electrocardiogram. In handbook of Canine Electrocardiography, pp. 40, W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia.

Abstract

The present study was designed to assess QTc and the relationship between the QT and the RR intervals in beagle dogs. Standard limb lead ECGs were recorded using a canine autoanalyzing electrocardiograph in 77 dogs.
The results obtained were as follows ;
1. The RR intervals had a large variation in 6-second ECG tracings, while the variation in the QT interval was negligible on each ECG.
2. Significant positive correlations were observed between any type of RR intervals (longest, shortest, mean and just before the QT interval measured by the autoanalyzing ECG) and the QT interval in 70 dogs. The greatest correlation was seen between the mean RR interval and the QT interval.
3. Repeated ECG recording in 7 dogs revealed a significant positive correlation between the RR and the QT intervals in 6 dogs, and the greatest correlation was also between the mean RR interval and the OT interval among the 4 defined RR intervals. One dog in which a correlation was not found had a high CV-RR value and showed a ventricular premature beat on ECG.
4. To address the problem that the QT interval value corrected for RR interval (QTc=QTc₆₀) is larger than the uncorrected value in many dogs, comparisons of QTc₆₀ and QTc₁₀₀ were made. The QTc₁₀₀ values were closer to the uncorrected QT intervals than were the QTc₆₀ value.

Corresponding author

Correction information

Register with J-STAGE for free!