Echocardiographic Findings of Mitral Regurgitation in Maltese Dogs

Toshiaki KAGEYAMA; Yoshito WAKAO; Kunihiko SAWA; Makoto MUTO; Toshifumi WATANABE; Yukichi MIYATA; Kazutetsu SHIMOYAMA; Tatsuo SUZUKI; Mitsugi TAKAHASHI

doi:10.11276/jsvc1984.27.70

Toshiaki KAGEYAMA, Yoshito WAKAO, Kunihiko SAWA, Makoto MUTO, Toshifumi WATANABE, Yukichi MIYATA, Kazutetsu SHIMOYAMA, Tatsuo SUZUKI, Mitsugi TAKAHASHI

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Keywords: dog, echocardiography, Maltese, mitral regurgitation

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1994 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 70-76

DOI https://doi.org/10.11276/jsvc1984.27.70

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Published: 1994 Received: November 29, 1994 Available on J-STAGE: September 17, 2009 Accepted: December 09, 1994 Advance online publication: - Revised: -
Correction information
Date of correction: September 17, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: KEYWORD Details: Wrong : dog, dechocardiography, Maltese, mitral regurgitation
Right : dog, echocardiography, Maltese, mitral regurgitation

Date of correction: September 17, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : 2) Bond, B. R. (1991): Problems in veterinary ultrasonographic analysis of acquired heart disease. Problems in Veterinary Medicine, 3, 520-554.
3) Lombard, C. W. and C. P. Spencer (1985): Correlation of radiographic, echocardiographic, and electrocardiographic signs of left heart enlargement in dogs with mitral regurgitation. Vet. Radiol., 26, 89-97.
4) Kittleson, M. D., Eyster, G. E., Knowlen, G. G. and N. B. Olivier (1984): Myocardial function in small dogs with chronic mitral regurgitation and severe congestive heart failure. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 184, 455-459.
5) Morrison, S.A., Moise, N.S., Scarlett, J., Mohammed, H. and A. E. Yeager (1992): Effect of breed and body weight on echocardiographic values in four breeds of dogs of differing somatotype. J. Vet. Intern. Med., 6, 220-224.
6) Hamlin, R. L. (1968): Prognostic value of changes in the cardiac silhouette in dogs with mitral insufficiency. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 153, 1436.
7) Akasaka, T., Yoshikawa, J., Yoshida, K., Shakudo, M., Jyo, Y., Okumachi, F., Koizumi, K., Shiratori, K., Takao, S., Fukaya, T. and H. Kato (1988): Time analysis of mitral regurgitation in patient with mitral valve prolapse. A study by phonocardiography and Doppler techniques. J. Cardiol., 18, 145-161.
8) Jyo, Y., Yoshikawa, J., Yoshida, K., Kato, H. and M. Shakudo (1988): A new diagnostic criteria of mitral valve prolapse syndrome. J. Cardior., 18,29-41.
9) Gilbert, B. W., Schatz, R. A., Vonramm, O. T., Behar, V. S. and J. A. Kisslo (1976): Mitral valve prolapse. Two-dimentional echocardiographic and angiographic correlation. Circulation, 54, 716-723.
10) Yosida, K., Yosikawa, J., Yamaura, Y., Hozumi, T., Shakudo, M., Akasaka, T. and H. Kato (1990): Value of acceleration flows and regurgitant jet direction by color flow mapping in the evaluation of mitral valve nrolaose. Circulation. 81. 879-885.
12) Wallace, C. R. and W. F. Hamilton (1962): Study of spontaneous congestive heart failure in the dog. Circ. Res., 11, 301.
13) Buchanan, J. W. (1977): Chronic valvular disease (endocardiosis) in dogs. Adv. Vet. Sci. Comp. Med., 21, 75-106.
15) Katayama, K., Tajimu, T., Guth, B. D., Matsuzaki, M., Lee, J. D., Seitelberger, R. and K. L. Peterson (1988): Early diastolic filling dynamics during experimental mitral regurgitation in the conscious dog. Circulation, 78, 390-400.
16) Ross, J. Jr., Sonnenblick, E. H., Taylor, R. R., Spotnitz, H. M. and J. W. Covell (1971): Diastolic geometry and sarcomere lengths in the chronically dilated canine left ventricle. Circ. Res., 28, 49-61.
17) Ross, J. Jr. and W. H. McCullage (1972): The nature of enhanced performance of the dilated left ventricle during chronic volume overload. Circ. Res., 30, 549-556.
18) Brickner, M.E. and M. R. Starling (1990): Dissociation of end systole from end ejection in patient with long-term mitral regurgitation. Circulation, 81, 1277-1286.
19) Lee, J. D., Sasayama, S., Kihara, Y., Ohyagi, A., Fujisawa, A., Yui, Y. and C. Kawai (1985): Adaptations of the left ventricle to chronic volume overload induced by mitral regurgitation in conscious dogs. Heart and Vessels, 1, 9-15.
20) Rosenblatt, A., Clark, R., Burgess, J. and K. Cohn (1976): Echocardiographic assesment of the level of cardiac compensation in valvular disease. Circulation, 54, 509-518.
21) Borrow, K. M., Green, L. H., Mann, T., Sloss, L. J., Brounwald, E., Collins, J. J. Jr., Cohn, L. and W. Grossman (1980): End-systoric volume as a predictor of postoperative left ventricular performance in volume overload from valvular regurgitation. Am. J. Med., 68, 655-663.
22) Nakagawa, M., Shirato, K., Ohyama, T., Sakuma, M. and T. Takishima (1990): Left ventricular endsystolic stress-volume index ratio in aortic and mitral regurgitation with normal ejection fraction. Am. Heart J., 120 892-901.

Right : 2) Bond, B. R. (1991): Problems in veterinary ultrasonographic analysis of acquired heart disease. Problems in Veterinary Medicine, 3, 520-554.
3) Lombard, C. W. and C. P. Spencer (1985): Correlation of radiographic, echocardiographic, and electrocardiographic signs of left heart enlargement in dogs with mitral regurgitation. Vet. Radiol., 26, 89-97.
4) Kittleson, M. D., Eyster, G. E., Knowlen, G. G. and N. B. Olivier (1984): Myocardial function in small dogs with chronic mitral regurgitation and severe congestive heart failure. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 184, 455-459.
5) Morrison, S.A., Moise, N.S., Scarlett, J., Mohammed, H. and A. E. Yeager (1992): Effect of breed and body weight on echocardiographic values in four breeds of dogs of differing somatotype. J. Vet. Intern. Med., 6, 220-224.
6) Hamlin, R. L. (1968): Prognostic value of changes in the cardiac silhouette in dogs with mitral insufficiency. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 153, 1436.
7) Akasaka, T., Yoshikawa, J., Yoshida, K., Shakudo, M., Jyo, Y., Okumachi, F., Koizumi, K., Shiratori, K., Takao, S., Fukaya, T. and H. Kato (1988): Time analysis of mitral regurgitation in patient with mitral valve prolapse. A study by phonocardiography and Doppler techniques. J. Cardiol., 18, 145-161.
8) Jyo, Y., Yoshikawa, J., Yoshida, K., Kato, H. and M. Shakudo (1988): A new diagnostic criteria of mitral valve prolapse syndrome. J. Cardior., 18,29-41.
9) Gilbert, B. W., Schatz, R. A., Vonramm, O. T., Behar, V. S. and J. A. Kisslo (1976): Mitral valve prolapse. Two-dimentional echocardiographic and angiographic correlation. Circulation, 54, 716-723.
10) Yosida, K., Yosikawa, J., Yamaura, Y., Hozumi, T., Shakudo, M., Akasaka, T. and H. Kato (1990): Value of acceleration flows and regurgitant jet direction by color flow mapping in the evaluation of mitral valve prolapse. Circulation. 81. 879-885.
12) Wallace, C. R. and W. F. Hamilton (1962): Study of spontaneous congestive heart failure in the dog. Circ. Res., 11, 301.
13) Buchanan, J. W. (1977): Chronic valvular disease (endocardiosis) in dogs. Adv. Vet. Sci. Comp. Med., 21, 75-106.
15) Katayama, K., Tajimu, T., Guth, B. D., Matsuzaki, M., Lee, J. D., Seitelberger, R. and K. L. Peterson (1988): Early diastolic filling dynamics during experimental mitral regurgitation in the conscious dog. Circulation, 78, 390-400.
16) Ross, J. Jr., Sonnenblick, E. H., Taylor, R. R., Spotnitz, H. M. and J. W. Covell (1971): Diastolic geometry and sarcomere lengths in the chronically dilated canine left ventricle. Circ. Res., 28, 49-61.
17) Ross, J. Jr. and W. H. McCullage (1972): The nature of enhanced performance of the dilated left ventricle during chronic volume overload. Circ. Res., 30, 549-556.
18) Brickner, M.E. and M. R. Starling (1990): Dissociation of end systole from end ejection in patient with long-term mitral regurgitation. Circulation, 81, 1277-1286.
19) Lee, J. D., Sasayama, S., Kihara, Y., Ohyagi, A., Fujisawa, A., Yui, Y. and C. Kawai (1985): Adaptations of the left ventricle to chronic volume overload induced by mitral regurgitation in conscious dogs. Heart and Vessels, 1, 9-15.
20) Rosenblatt, A., Clark, R., Burgess, J. and K. Cohn (1976): Echocardiographic assesment of the level of cardiac compensation in valvular disease. Circulation, 54, 509-518.
21) Borrow, K. M., Green, L. H., Mann, T., Sloss, L. J., Brounwald, E., Collins, J. J. Jr., Cohn, L. and W. Grossman (1980): End-systoric volume as a predictor of postoperative left ventricular performance in volume overload from valvular regurgitation. Am. J. Med., 68, 655-663.
22) Nakagawa, M., Shirato, K., Ohyama, T., Sakuma, M. and T. Takishima (1990): Left ventricular end-systolic stress-volume index ratio in aortic and mitral regurgitation with normal ejection fraction. Am. Heart J., 120, 892-901.

Abstract

To evaluate mitral regurgitation (MR) in Maltese dogs which have a high prevalence ratio of MR, an ausculation, thoracic radiograph, electrocardiography and echocardiography were taken in 18 Maltese dogs with chronic MR as the MR (+) group (n=13 ; 7 males and 6 females) and without MR as the MR (-) group (n=5 ; 3 males and 2 females). Age and body weight of the MR (+) group and MR (-) group were 11.2±1.6 and 10.0±1.6 years and 3.4±0.7 and 3.6±1.3kg, respectively. Our results suggested that mitral valve thickness and prolapse, left atrial diameter, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, left ventricular end-systolic diameter and left ventricular end-systolic posterior wall thickness were useful in evaluating the heart function of Maltese with chronic MR.

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