Abstract
In previous paper, the development of EPMA color mapping technique in application to pulp and paper specimen was described. In this paper, several examples of color mapping applied to pulp and paper specimens were demonstrated.
Distribution of fillers, pigments, binder (latex and casein), silicone, phenolic resin, lignin and xylan in the cross sections were exhibited. Average profiles of the elements along thethickness direction in papers were shown corresponding to the color maps.
The element tagging techniques were utilized to monitor organic substances which needed to tag with some easily detectable metal iron. It was found that Os tagged latex, casein, phenolic resin and lignin. It was also confirmed that lignin was tagged with either Br or Hg and xylan with Fe.
In the usual analysis by EPMA with STE (Stearate) as X-ray dispersive crystal, it was very difficult to analyze nitrogen in such specimen as paper because the concentration of carbon is extremely higher than that of nitrogen. We tried to use a new Layered Dispersive Element (LDE) instead of STE for the analysis of nitrogen (casein) in coated paper and found that the measurement of casein distribution in cross section of coated paper was possible with this procedure.
STEM-EDS (Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer) proved very useful to measure the distribution of elements more precisely at higher magnification by using thin cross section of specimen.
