2003 Volume 56 Issue 10 Pages 657-660
Vertebral malformation and bilateral flexure of fore and hind limbs were observed in a live-bom Holstein female calf (body weight 34kg) that was unable to stand. Necropsy and osteological examinations revealed two vertebral synostoses, three hemivertebras among the corpus vertebra, one carpus vertebral defect, three synotoses of the spinous processes, and symmetric torsion of both metatarsal bones. DNA-marker diagnosis revealed complex vertebral malformation genes to be recessive homozygous. On the basis of these findings, the case was diagnosed as complex vertebral malformation.
