鬼界カルデラ噴火の総合理解に向けた噴出物化学組成データベースの構築

抄録

Kikai caldera, a submarine caldera to the south of Kyushu, is the source of the youngest caldera-forming supereruption during the Holocene (i.e., the Kikai-Akahoya eruption at 7.3 ka). During its volcanic history, the Kikai caldera has experienced at least three caldera-forming supereruptions (i.e., the Kikai-Akahoya, Kikai-Tozurahara and Koabi eruptions). To better understand the processes of submarine caldera-forming supereruptions and the evolution of the large felsic magma bodies from which they derive, we have constructed a geochemical database for the eruption products of the Kikai Caldera, including proximal deposits and distal tephras (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.20066630). We compiled geochemical data reported in various papers and proceedings from both domestic Japanese and international journals. The new database, comprising 413 individual samples from 59 publications, contains all available major- and trace-element concentrations, isotopic ratios, analytical methods, geographical coordinates (latitude, longitude, and altitude) of sampling points, age data, refractive index, and geological and petrological information. The database is freely available to the public online. Based on the constructed database, we review the current geochemical understanding of Kikai caldera magmatism and discuss geochemical characteristics of magmas from the Kikai caldera. The difference in magma composition between the two recent caldera-forming supereruptions (the Kikai-Akahoya eruption at 7.3 ka and the Kikai-Tozurahara eruption at 95 ka) is clearly seen in the compiled data. Moreover, we find that the distal tephra represents a more SiO₂-rich magma composition than that of the proximal deposits, especially in the case of the Kikai-Akahoya eruption.