The Commons of Information Technology as a Foundation for Cultural Commons

Abstract

In Cultural Commons, Hidehiko Sasaki depicts the cultural commons in the form of a “symphonic sphere,” seemingly emphasizing the creation of physical, embodied spaces within cultural institutions. However, this concept can also be realized on digital networks, provided that cultural institutions play a leading role in shaping appropriate spaces. In this paper, we focus on the formation of information technology standards essential for establishing cultural commons in digital environments, examining the TEI (Text Encoding Initiative) Guidelines and IIIF (International Image Interoperability Framework) as case studies. These standards are developed by a diverse group of stakeholders—including developers and users—and, because they do not by themselves generate large revenues, their evolution embodies a commons-like character. By elucidating this aspect, we propose the future potential of digital cultural commons.