This study examined relationships between the causal attribution to rivals' behaviors and resolutions of conflicts in early childhood. Subjects were 49 kindergartners. The research was conducted by the interview method. They were explained the following stories. A child dispensed with his/her plaything and left the room. When he/she came back, he/she found that a strong child played with the plaything. They were asked the attribution to "theory of mind". The following significant results were obtained. Boys who attributed strong boy's behavior to malice tried to quarrel with him. But boys who attributed to no malice didn't. On the other hand, both girls who attributed strong girl's behavior to malice and girls who attributed to no malice didn't try to quarrel either. The above results suggest that the relationship between the attribution to "theory of mind" and resolutions of conflicts were applicable to boys. In order to resolute conflicts peacefully, children should attribute to the theory of mind correctly.
