The osteological description and illustrations of the cyprinid fish Xenocypris argentea from Taoyuan, Hunan Province and Guixi, Jiangxi Province, China are provided for studies on fossil cyprinid fishes found in East Asia and Japan including Iki Island, Nagasaki Prefecture, with brief comparison to a cultrin species, Hemiculter leucisculus and some other xenocyprinin genera and species.