タイ・ヌン族とベトナム共産主義運動-中国・ベトナム国境地帯の民族関係と革命運動の成長-

社会主義とナショナリズム

抄録

This essay is aimed at clarifying what the mountain minorities of the Sino-Vietnamese frontier area had to do with the Vietnamese communist movement which eventually resulted in the August Revolution.
I. A brief sketch of Tay and Nung
Tay, whose population is 7, 400, 000, and Nung, 4, 700, 000, are ones of Thai tribes which are widely spread from southern China to Laos, Vietnam, Thailand and Burma. After Thai tribes once established an independent kingdom during the years of mid 11th century in the Sino-Vietnamese frontier area, Ly dynasty was obliged to send Kinh (Vietnamse ethnic majority) mandarins and troops into its territory of this area, and this promoted the ‘Vietnamization’ of Thai people dwelling within Vietnamese border. Tay is a kind of Thai who was ‘Vietnamized’ in such a historical process.
Thai people who dwelled beyond the Sino-Vietnamese frontier were, to some extent, assimilated to Chinese culture and they are what we see now as Chuang. But there were some of the Chuang who, for some reason or other, came to migrate into Vietnam, and these people are what we call now Nung.
II. The birth of Tay communists
Among the ethnic minorities in Vietnam, Tay has been the most closely assimilated tribe to Kinh, the majority. Some of the Tay youth were able to receive the same education as the Kinh youth. Hoang Van Thu and Hoang Ding Giong were such Tay students when the movement of mourning for Phan Chu Trinh rose among the students in 1926, and the participation to this movement made their way to become revolutionaries. Under the purge by the French authority, they escaped into southern China, where they tried to contact with Viet Nam Thanh Nien Cach Mang Dong Chi Hoi, the youth revolutionary organization established by Nguyen Ai Quoc in 1925. Thu and Giong accumulated various experiences during their stay in Chinese territory, such as enlisting in KMT Army, running a little factory, etc. Though there were many Vietnamese, not only Tay and Nung but also Kinh, who were assimilated to Chuang society after their escape into south China, some, like Thu and Giong, were not assimilated and kept their identity as Vietnamese. This was because of their consciousness of their purpose, Vietnamese revolution. In December 1929, they established a cell of the Communist Party. They became the earliest communists of the minorities in Vietnam.
III. Party construction in Viet-Bac region
Though the ICP had to suffer great regression after Nghe-Tinh Soviet movement was subjugated in 1931, the cell of Thu and Giong expanded their organization beyond the border, i. e., into Vietnamese territory. Their organization was important all the more because other organizations of the ICP was almost completely destroyed, when Le Hong Phong was despatched back from Comintern in late 1932 to reconstruct the Party. Their organization was reorganized as Cao-Bang Lang-Son Joint Province Committee and came to bare the task of constructing the liaison network from Chinese border to Tonkin Delta including Hanoi. They gradually succeeded in this task, and Thu was able to go to Hanoi in 1935 while Giong carried out his task in Hai-Phong and Hong-gay. Their activities had contributed much to the reconstruction of the ICP, and Giong was elected a member of the Ceniral Committee in the First Party Congress, 1935, and Thu was elected one of the three permanent committee members of CC in 1945.
IV. Bac-Son Uprising and Cuu Quoc Quan
Bac-Son=Vo-Nhai district lies on the mountains of Lang-Son and Thai-Nguyen provinces, and it is inhabited mainly by ethnic minorities such as Tay, Nung, etc. The first participants of the party of this district were Nung people including Chu Van Tan who later became the chairman of Viet-Bac Autonomous Region.