ドイツ社会民主党とヨーロッパ -一九四五-一九五七年-

抄録

The Cold War penetrated the West German domestic political scene in the late 1940s and 1950s. The Conservatives and their leader, Konrad Adenauer, pursued the goals of participating in the Council of Europe, in the Coal and Steel Community, in the EDC and in NATO. They also favored West German rearmament. Committed to the reunification of the two Germanys, the Socialists consistently opposed this push for acceptance of West Germany's role in the Western European community and the Western Alliance.
The SPD started to rebuild its party organization and to draw up a blueprint for a new social and political order in Germany immediately after the collapse of the Third Reich. The primary goal of the SPD's program was to build a new society founded on the idea of “democratic socialism, ” rejecting Communism and “reactionary bourgeois capitalism.” The preoccupation with this goal explains the SPD's opposition to Adenauer's European-oriented policy. The SPD advocated the so-called “magnet” theory for the unification of East and West Germany, by which unification would be achieved only through the magnetic power of West Germany. According to the SPD's argument, a social democratic, sovereign West Germany could best meet this precondition. This strategy for unification led the Socialists to oppose German membership in a Western European community which rejected the equal status of West Germany and which they believed possessed a “conservative, clerical, capitalistic and cartel-oriented” bias.
The SPD's policy to oppose Adenauer's European-oriented policy changed gradually amid the heated battle over West Germany's rearmament and its entry into the EDC and NATO. The Socialists now shifted to arguing that reunification and European integration should be considered not in terms of the domestic contest over the political regime, but rather within the context of the bipolarized international order. They insisted that unification required an East-West détente and both East and West must pay a price to achieve unification through negotiations. They further argued that the Soviet Union would relinquish its hold over East Germany if the West pledged that a united Germany would remain outside a military alliance. The SPD therefore proposed that West Germany, whose political and economic commitments naturally tended toward the Western side, should not join Western Alliance before the Four Powers began negotiations for unification. Clearly, the previous demands of the SPD for unification under a social democratic Germany had changed to demands for unification through East-West détente
When the EEC was established in 1957, the SPD voiced no objections to integrating West Germany into the European community.