ウルグアイにおける軍部人権侵害をめぐる政治力学-「平和のための委員会」の意義と限界-

「民主化」以後のラテンアメリカ政治

抄録

The purpose of this article is to take a brief overview of the politics of memory about human rights violations in Uruguay and consider the meaning of the Commission for Peace, which was formed by President Jorge Batlle in 2000.
Uruguay was well known as one of the most democratic countries in Latin America, but in 1960's the immobilism of traditional party politics caused the rise of leftist guerrilla movement, known as Tupamaros. The armed forces, which enunciated the National Security Doctrine, fought a Dirty War with their own citizens before and during the de fact regime (1973-1985). Many people were arrested or imprisoned, tortured or disappeared.
After democratization, parliament passed impunity law which terminated the punishment of human rights violations by the military regime without any official and effective Truth and Reconciliation Committee and/or any apology by government. The social movement which was intended to nullify the impunity law by referendum failed because of the double dealing by politicians who had made secret promises with the military to assure their impunity in return for democratization. There were no investigations on forced disappearances except for nominal investigations by the military whose own organization had committed those crimes until Batlle established the Commission for Peace. Batlle is the first president prepared to talk about problems of forced disappearance in Uruguay.
But this commission has some disabilities to reconcile memories of the military and their victims, because the military have not acknowledged their human rights violations until now. And the impunity law which contradicts the obligations of state parties to international laws which Uruguay has ratified. Those are the contradictions of the politics of memory by Batlle.