2022 Volume 89 Issue 4 Pages 670-682
This paper uses PISA 2018 data to analyze differences in anti-bullying attitudes in Japanese boys' schools, girls' schools, and co-educational schools in comparison with South Korea, the United Kingdom, and Australia, focusing on the differences in anti-bullying attitudes that may be formed within single-sex and co-educational schools in each country. The central question of this paper is whether there are differences in anti-bullying attitudes among different types of schools (e.g., co-ed, boys', and girls' schools). In relation to this question, we examine (1) whether there are differences in anti-bullying attitude by country, (2) how differences in anti-bullying attitude by country and school type appear, and (3) how socioeconomic status and academic achievement, as measured by international comparative surveys, affect these differences.
To address the above issues, we conducted three analyses using PISA 2018 data: (1) comparison of means as descriptive statistics, (2) multiple regression analysis with the four countries as pooled data, and (3) multiple regression analysis with an interaction term for each of the four countries, in order to examine the determinants of anti-bullying attitudes. The results showed that although the tendency for boys to accept bullying was common across the four countries, Japan had significantly lower anti-bullying attitudes than the other three countries. The analysis using interaction terms indicated a negative effect in Japan in that the higher the socioeconomic status or mathematical literacy of boys in boys' schools, the less likely they are to object to bullying.
