"Aural-Oral Approach"とテ-プ教材の作成

抄録

With the recent development in the field of techniques brought up by the Electronics, a striking progress is being made in both Europe and America concerning the facilities of Audio-Visual Aids as well as the Language Laboratories. It will be worth noticing that Australia which had been considered the most conservative has recently established under the Colombo Plan "English Teaching Centre" holding the facilities of the L.L., and the age of "Aids" in past has been changing its figure into that of"Generation." On the contrary, however, there appeared "Keating Reports" advocating uselessness of the L.L. in the United States as a pioneering nation, while in Japan a bitter criticism has come to be levelled against the L.L. It is chiefly due to the prejudice that the L. L. which should primarily hold a substitution function as "Machine Drill" might also be able to drive out human factors and further to the weakness in theory which will lead to the survey of the educational principle. First of all, we must start setting up a New Approach by solving the problem of four-phase basic terminology-Approach/Method /Technique/Materials-and analising scientifically the following four main fields of approach : (a) The Simple Direct Method (in France) (b) The British Situational Method (c) The " Mimicry-Memorization" Method (developed in the U. S. A.) (d) The "Michigan Approach" (University of Michigan, U. S.A.) Among these methods, the first (a) may presuppose only a specialized comprehensive situation and still lacks opportunities to master extensive sentence forms, while (b) is short of systematization of spoken language in the aspect of substitution, and further (c) and (d) are expressing one lessen ahead of "Pattern Practice" respectively, but open to criticism of being " Meaningless." The New Approach which I would like to introduce here should be Aural-Oral Approach congregated into 4 skills including Reading-Writing factors over three stages of Pronunciation, Grammar and Vocabulary. The great advantages of the pre-recorded materials in many types of "Sentence-generation" (which are useful as part of teaching materials) are (1) Self-checking or Semi-teaching element, (2) the appropriate "Pause" left on the tape as well as "Reaction Time", (3) "Fixing" what they have practiced in the class lessen, and (4) freeing the teacher from tiresome work and serving for both group and individual instructions. It may be said, however, the L.L. itself does not constitute a "Method" of teaching or learning, but it provides the indispensable conditions for the success of the "Method" in social activities. Thus, Lab period should serve as a learning centre in the form of Oral Dictation and Comprehension in a close connection with Pre-lab and Post-lab periods. As it might be considered most serious, the "Human Factor" which has been guessed to be short of in the L.L., should beakeytothequestion in order to raise "Motivation" for the tape-materials. With the advancement of the New Approach, we would suggest the future of the necessity of improving the Flexible Type of the L.L., along with the cooperation of the Visual side as well.