Studied on dynamics of phase transition and structural deformation of materials under laser-induced shock compression have been reviewed. Picosecond time-resolved X-ray diffraction has been performed on analysis of transient crystal structure of semiconductors under shock induced high pressures using pulsed X-rays from laser-plasma and synchrotron radiation. Nanosecond time-resolved coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy has been performed on shock-induced liquid-solid phase transition of benzene.