Abstract
Table-top x-ray lasers are of profound importance for a number of practical applications in science and technology. Significant progress towards the realization of short wavelength compact x-ray lasers has been achieved by essentially different and novel experimental approaches. As a result, high repetition table-top x-ray lasers are expected to emerge in near future. On the other hand, at present, applications of large scale x-ray lasers in photoluminescence and interferometry are underway.