シンガポールにおける戦後復興の記憶

歴史教科書と戦跡施設の展示に見る「戦争が遺したもの」

Translated Abstract

The exhibition ‘Surviving the Japanese Occupation: War and Its Legacies’ opened at the Former Ford Factory in Singapore on 15th February 2017, the date when the city-state fell to the Japanese Army 75 years earlier. This exposition is located at the very place where British troops surrendered to the Japanese Army in 1942 and consists of four parts: Introduction, the Fall of Singapore, Becoming Syonan and the Legacies of War. This paper describes the display and reports the narrative recounted in the last zone which focuses on the postwar reconstruction of Singaporean society. The Singaporean Government has presented a single official narrative of the ‘Singapore Story’ as the history of the nation: the leadership of Lee Kuan Yew and the People’s Action Party, the city-state’s struggle against colonialism and communism, its successful economic policies, and its apt handling of diplomacy with its bigger and powerful neighbours. The government has used this story to integrate its people. In contrast, a new historical narrative has emerged which differs from the ‘success story’ projected by the People’s Action Party. This version highly values the role of the left wing parties. This study refers to the secondary history textbook and also considers the images of postwar Singapore that are presented in the abovementioned newly inaugurated museum in the context of the trend of historiography. Both the history textbook and the museum exhibition emphasise the suffering from war and Japanese occupation and recount the country’s recovery from this period of difficulty. In addition, both employ the approach of social history and focus on the experiences of ordinary people through documents, photographs, films and oral testimonies rather than on the achievements of political and economic leaders. By contrast, both carefully remove historical sources that may cause ethnic division and may detract from the legitimacy of the ‘Singapore Story’. One such example would be documents attesting to the role played by the Malayan Communist Party in Singapore’s independence movement. The historical narrative portrayed by the textbook and the exhibition seems to embrace various accounts of Singaporean history but both eliminate stories that may affect national integration or lead to a questioning of the official narrative.

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