Abstract
In seawater RO desalination field, innovative membranes are demanded to achieve lower cost, lower energy consumption and lower impact to the global environment such as brine discharge, disposal of chemicals using in pretreatment processes. High performance RO membranes for seawater desalination has been produced with has high solute removal and high water permeability, based on the ultimate level of investigation for RO membranes on focusing physical and chemical properties through PALS (Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy) study, TEM (Transmission electron microscopy) analysis, etc.
