Abstract
Reverse osmosis processes have been developed for energy saving of desalination plants. RO spiral wound elements could reduce feed pump energy through element improvements. Thicker feed spacer with thinner RO membrane supported low differential pressure and high flow at the same time. ESPA2-LD MAX RO element was developed under the concept of energy saving during operation at desalination plant. Thinner membrane was adopted to the new element that could hold promise in the future for other category of desalination plant.
