Abstract
Membrane technology can be investigated from various viewpoints. This article briefly summarizes permeation properties and characterization methods in gas and liquid phase. First, permeation properties through charged nanofiltration membranes are introduced in terms of rejection of electrolytes of various valence types and ion separation of mixed electrolytes. Pore size evaluation by nanopermporometry and modified Gas translation model is introduced for nano–sized and subnano–sized pores, respectively, followed by process simulation of single and multi-modules and application to membrane reactors. Finally, generalized solution–diffusion model, which enables comprehensive understanding of reverse osmosis, pervaporation and vapor permeation, is introduced.
