抄録
This review focuses on silicon–based amorphous membranes, which offer excellent resistance to heat and solvents and are applicable in various separation systems. It explores the development of these membranes, emphasizing two key factors: the diffusivity of permeating molecules and the affinity between membrane functional groups and permeating molecules. The review introduces organosilica membranes made from different bridged and side–chain alkoxysilanes, metal–coordinated membranes, and silicon carbide–based membranes. It also discusses methods for evaluating nano– and subnanoporous membranes and explains the generalized solution–diffusion model, which provides a unified understanding of processes like reverse osmosis, pervaporation, and vapor permeation. Finally, the practical applications of these membranes are highlighted, including a technology that recovers water and heat from high–temperature steam using organosilica membranes.
