Structure and Function of Peptide Ionophore

Abstract

It is generally known that several cyclic or linear antibiotic peptides can function as ionophores. They greatly enhance the permeability of hydrophilic ions in hydrophobic membranes. Recent developments in the analysis of molecular structure have enabled the elucidation of the physicochemical properties of the various spatial forms occurring under different conditions. Thus the mechanisms are now understood at the molecular level in the connection with the individual stages of transmembrane ion transport. With regard to the transporting properties, ionophores belong to either of two groups, a carrier type, represented by valinomycin and a channel type such as gramicidin A. Recent progress in the study of these two antibiotics has greatly contributed to the understanding of the phenomena of transmembrane ion transport and the nature of the substances and mechanism of action involved in the transport in biomembranes. We also mention a design trial for new peptide ionophores which may be of use in the development of medicines.