F. A. Votta, Jr., a design engineer, developed both the constant force springs and the constant torque springs. He made public the materials, which he was concerned with, on a bulletin of ASME, American Society of Mechanical Engineering on May 1952. We appreciate his simple analytical methods and its useful results. Those springs have been utilized still widely in fields of engineering over the world. By the author’s works so far, however, it became obvious that analytical explanations are in part insufficient and no experimental results are shown in his both papers related to the constant force and torque springs. Of the two papers above, the authors confirmed finally the validity of the expression he obtained in his paper, by using their own ideas and experiments. The authors also tried to apply the equations obtained in the constant spring force to those in constant torque springs. As the results obtained, the authors may conclude that their new analytical methods introduced in this paper are useful to know the torques to be produced in the constant torque springs. Furthermore, the authors propose ideas to reduce changes of torques, which should be primarily constant regardless of extension of springs.
