2023 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 99-105
To clinically use the physical quantities obtained by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as biomarkers, quantification of the quantities and standardization of the measurement methods are necessary. The Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers Alliance (QIBA), led by the Radiological Society of North America, is proceeding such requirements. For functional MRI (fMRI), dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI), dynamic magnetic susceptibility contrast MRI (DSC-MRI), musculoskeletal (MSK), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), documents called "profile” summarizing required specifications has been created and is being prepared for clin ical use. On the other hand, arterial spin labeling (ASL), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and fat proton density for fat fraction (PDFF) are still in the early stages of standardization. There are also other physical quantities that can be biomarkers, such as temperature, pH, and magnetization transfer coefficient (MTC). In this paper, the requirements and the latest trends including developments of standard phantoms for quantification and standardization of MRI-based biomarkers are discussed.
