A case study about the formation process of the learning group in the PE class of the ball game of the elementary school

Focusing on the activity theory of Engestrom， Y.

Abstract

　　The purpose of this case study was to clarify what kind of "activity system" pupils develop the group as the learning group in a physical education class of flag football games by using the "activity system model" of Engestrom， Y. as a framework of analysis.
　　We observed the classes of flag football taught in the fourth grade in elementary schoo1. We then picked up one of groups (A group). In the class of flag football， we interpreted the “activity system" of the group through analysis of the “companionship questionnaire" and the protocols of conversation between the pupils and the teacher during the class.
　　As a result， the “activity system" of“A group" had changed affirmatively from the first half of the unit to the latter half of the unit.

We conclude that the following four factors appear to have influence on affirmative change of the “activity system".
　1)The teacher raised pupils' motor skill of the ball operation and used the ball that pupils operated easily in order to improve pupils' understanding of the tactical task as the learning objective of the class.
　2)The teacher prepared the teaching materials which is inevitable to make the operations that pupils drew up utilize inevitably in the game.
　3)The teacher guaranteed enough time to revise a operation in the game into a better one through examining it， and to improve the tactical knowledge for revising the operation through group discussing.
　4)the teacher grasped “internal contradiction" occurred among pupils in consideration for a cultural characteristic of the sport games properly and let pupils face it and solves the problems through dialogues with Them.