学生柔道における重症頭頚部外傷の特徴と予防対策の検討

抄録

Sport-related head injuries, especially in Judo, are still remained in common serious problems. Although it is urgent to reduce a high mortality rate, no detailed information regarding Judo-induced brain injury is yet available in Japan. In the present study, we investigated to clarify characteristics and preventive measures of Judo-induced TBI (Traumatic brain injury) school patients in Japan. Over the last 6-years period from 2006 to 2010, 24 students died and 60 students suffered severe injuries as a result of judo accidents in junior and senior high schools. The data was collected from the record of National Agency for the Advancement of Sports and Health (NAASH) and the all Japan Judo Federation, and characteristics were studied. Review of the record revealed that an annual number of student death was four cases. Among 24 dead students, 15 (62.5%) were in the first grade of junior and senior high schools. Among the 60 severe injury students, 28 (46.7%) were a freshman in junior and senior high schools, 21 (35.0%) were a freshman in senior high school. The incidence of fatality and severe injury were significantly high in beginners. Seventeen cases (70.8%) of 24 were died from brain injury. At least 9 cases resulted from acute subdural hematoma. Twenty seven cases (45.0%) of 60 were severe injury from brain and face injury, and 14 cases (23.3%) were cervical injury. The leading cause of throwing prior to TBI was Oosotogari (Major Outer Reaping) in 9 patients, to cervical injury was Seoinage (Shoulder Throw) and Haraigoshi (Sweeping hip throw) were with 10 patients’ cases respectively.

We explored that Oosotogari will cause a coup injury to beginners, and Seoinage and Haraigoshi will cause a neck injury to all players.

These results suggest the incidence of basic concept to have enough protective training such as Ukemi before fighting and to establish playing rules including safety guard devices for the prevention of fatal TBI in student Judo players.