V-te iru and iru to Express the Existence of Animate Objects

Abstract

　The Japanese verbs iru/aru express existence. However, V-te iru is also frequently used to convey existence. Although the two forms are used differently in some instances, the actual circumstances of their proper usage have not been made clear.

　This paper will initially show an overview of V-te iru expressing the existence of animate objects. It will then consider instances in which V-te iru expresses a change in the position of the subject. The difference of usage between V-te iru and iru emerges in such cases.

　This paper will explain the rules for the proper usage of iru and V-te iru, clarifying through the analysis of examples that the intention of the subject of existence causes the difference between V-te iru and iru. At the same time, this paper will demonstrate that multiple factors, including intention, interact with each other when a choice is made between V-te iru and iru.