STUDIES ON ANTIDIURETIC SUBSTANCES IN ILEUS

Abstract

As a part of research by the Matsukura Surgical Clinic on the mechanism of oliguria occurring in ileus, the author has made some biological observations on the variation of antidiuretic substances, and in addition, the changes in the Gomoriphile substance representing the secretory activity of antidiuretic substances in the hypothalamo-pituitary system.
I. 1) Serum antediuretic substance shows a remarkable increase during the course of ileus whether compound or simple. However, in compound ileus the increase is greater and occurs earlier than in the simple.
2) This increase of serum antidiuretic substances occurring in ileus can satisfactorily be prevented by administration of an anti-acetylcholine drug, Atropine, section of the vagus nerve and total resection of the intestinal canal below the point of obstruction.
II. 1) Antidiuretic substances in the hypothalamo-pituitary system show a marked decrease during the course of ileus whether compound or simple.
2) The decrease of antidiuretic substances in the hypothalamopituitary system during ileus can be effectively inhibited by administration of atropine, section of the vagus nerve and total resection of the intestinal canal below the point of obstruction.
III. 1) In normal dogs antidiuretic substances show practically no changes even if 0.01 mg/kg/cc of isotonic acetylcholine solution is injected into the carotid artery.
2) If. however, isotonic acetylcholine solution was injected into the carotid artery of the dog previously treated with an anti-cholinesterase agent, eserine (2 cc of 0.0025 percent solution per kilogram injected subcutaneously 1 hour previously), there occurs a distinct rise in the amount of antidiuretic substances, even though temperarily.
3) When isotonic acetylcholine solution was injected into the carotid artery of the normal dog, only a slight decrease of antidiuretic hormone of the hypothalamopituitary system occurs.
4) However, when isotonic acetylcholine solution was injected into the carotid artery of the eserine-treated dog, a marked -fall of antidiuretic hormone of the hypothalamopituitary system can be demonstrated.
IV. 1) (1) In normal dogs the Gomoriphile Substances of the paraventicular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus fill the body of nerve cells in the form of fine granules, the cell nucleus occupies nearly the center of the cell and its axone processes are also filled with the Gomoriphile Substances which, in the hypothalamo-hypohyseal tract, exist as the so-called Herring bodies assuming the form of broken lines, rosaries and other uneven ovoids.
(2) The Gomori-phile Substances of the infundibulum normally exist as fine or medium-sized granules, namely, the Herring bodies, paralleling the course of nervefibers in the inner layer, but they are hardly recognizable in the outer layer and Lobus tuberalis.
(3) Under normal conditions the Gomoriphile Substances of the posterior lobe of the hypophysis exist abundantly as fine granules, but the granules of over medium size, the Herring bodies, are present only sparrely. On the contrary, in the peripheral portion they are extremely abundant, displaying notably varied forms such as fine, medium-sized or giant granules.
In fact, the Gomoriphile substances are so abundant so that the principal cells of the posterior lobe can be hardly be recognized, being congregated particularly around the blood vessels.
2) (1) The Gomoriphile Substances of the paraventicular and supraoptic nuclei show a tendency to increase slightly during the first 4 hours after the establishment of ileus, However, beginning at about 8 hours the granules are moderately reduced in the paraventicular nucleus, and after 12 hours they are either markedly decreased or even disappear completely. In the supraoptic nucleus, the granules commence to diminish within 8 hours and markedly reduced by 12 hours.