The Impact of TMR Centers on Milk Production Cost in Large-Scale Dairy Farming

Abstract

This study aims to consider the impact of TMR centers on input-output and milk production costs in large scale dairy farming. The main outcomes are as follows. First, the scale expansion of dairy farming reduces the rate of milk production per cow and feed efficiency. Second, the participation in a TMR center that includes small-scale dairy farming increases feed efficiency and reduces milk production costs of large-scale dairy farming.