Abstract
Rural communities are undergoing significant changes. In this study, we analyzed new movements in rural communities from the perspective of efforts in community farming and community development. It was revealed that rural communities seek the following changes: internal changes of the participation structure from household-based to individual-based as the participation of women and young people in community farming and community development advances; external changes from a “closed society” to an “open society” as cases of U-turn（returning to home communities）and I-turn（moving from urban regions to rural regions）increase; and both internal and external changes as exemplified by the reconstruction of relationships for community support through vertical connections under the multitier structure of rural communities.
