Cell Manipulation by Physical Penetration of the Cell Membrane with Nanoneedle

Abstract

Cells are composed of a lipid bilayer membrane that separates the cell from the outside world. In order to modify the cell, it is necessary to access the inner space of cell, in other words, the cytoplasm by some means. Although physical or mechanical penetration of the cell membrane is one of the potential methods, an approach based on a well understanding of the nature of the cell membrane is necessary. We have developed our original device, nanoneedles with a diameter of 200 nm, and have clarified in detail the method and conditions for efficient insertion into animal and human cells.