2026 Volume 26 Issue 9 Pages 341-347
Lipid bilayers constitute the fundamental structural framework of biological membranes and serve as platforms for diverse cellular functions. Among artificial membrane systems, nanodiscs have emerged as unique nanoscale assemblies that preserve the planar structure of lipid bilayers while minimizing their dimensions. Owing to their small size, structural uniformity, and accessibility of both membrane surfaces, nanodiscs have been extensively utilized as model membranes for investigating membrane proteins and membrane-active biomolecules. More recently, their applications have expanded to drug delivery, molecular imaging, and vaccine development.
This article reviews the development of nanodisc technologies from conventional phospholipid bicelles to protein- and polymer-stabilized nanodiscs. Particular emphasis is placed on our studies employing synthetic lipids and amphiphilic polymers. First, organic–inorganic hybrid nanodiscs formed from alkoxysilane-containing lipids are introduced. These nanodiscs possess a siloxane network on the membrane surface, resulting in remarkable structural stability against drying, detergents, and temperature changes. Second, polymer nanodiscs generated by amphiphilic polymethacrylates are described. These polymers provide high molecular design flexibility, enabling control over nanodisc formation and properties. Furthermore, applications of polymer nanodiscs in amyloid inhibition and drug delivery are discussed. These studies demonstrate that nanodiscs are evolving from simple membrane models into versatile functional nanomaterials for biomedical applications.
