Abstract
Despite many reports describing functional cell differentiation from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), for over decades, researchers have failed to generate a complex vascularised organ as an alternative to living／cadaveric organ transplantation. To hurdle this, we focused on the most primitive process of organogenesis. By recapitulating endothelial and mesenchymal interactions during bud development, three-dimensional liver buds(iPSC-LB)were successfully created from iPSCs, resembling in vivo liver buds. Formation of functional vasculatures stimulated the maturation of iPSC-LB into adult liver-like tissues with human specific-functions in vivo. We here propose a new paradigm of(re)generative medicine through the in vitro-derived bud transplant.
